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internal processes

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1 internal metric
1. внутренняя метрика
внутренняя метрика
Метрика, которая используется поставщиком ИТ-услуг для мониторинга эффективности, результативности или эффективности с точки зрения затрат внутренних процессов поставщика ИТ-услуг. Внутренние метрики обычно не предоставляются заказчикам ИТ-услуг.
[ http://www.dtln.ru/slovar-terminov]

внутренняя метрика
Метрика, которая используется поставщиком ИТ- услуг для мониторинга эффективности внутренних процессов, их результативности и эффективности затрат. Внутренние метрики обычно не предоставляются заказчикам ИТ- услуг.
См. тж. внешняя метрика.
[Словарь терминов ITIL® версия 1.0, 29 июля 2011 г.]

EN

internal metric
A metric that is used within the IT service provider to monitor the efficiency, effectiveness or cost effectiveness of the IT service provider’s internal processes. Internal metrics are not normally reported to the customer of the IT service. See also external metric.
[Словарь терминов ITIL® версия 1.0, 29 июля 2011 г.]

Тематики
- информационные технологии в целом
EN
- internal metric
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > internal metric
2 LDI (laser-desorption ionization) (processes in LDI: internal conversion - fragmentation - ionization)

Макаров: ионизация лазерной десорбцией (процессы в LDI: внутренняя конверсия - фрагментация - ионизация), ионизация методом лазерной десорбции (процессы в LDI: внутренняя конверсия - фрагментация - ионизация)

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > LDI (laser-desorption ionization) (processes in LDI: internal conversion - fragmentation - ionization)
3 laser-desorption ionization (LDI) (processes in LDI: internal conversion - fragmentation - ionization)

Макаров: ионизация лазерной десорбцией (процессы в LDI: внутренняя конверсия - фрагментация - ионизация), ионизация методом лазерной десорбции (процессы в LDI: внутренняя конверсия - фрагментация - ионизация)

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > laser-desorption ionization (LDI) (processes in LDI: internal conversion - fragmentation - ionization)
4 process

1. n
1) процесс; процедура

2) юр. вызов в суд

3) судопроизводство

•

to abuse the electoral process — совершать нарушения на выборах

to accelerate a process — ускорять процесс

to bolster the peace process — укреплять процесс мирного урегулирования

to bring smb into the peace process — подключать кого-л. к процессу мирного урегулирования

to broker the peace process — быть посредником в процессе мирного урегулирования

to cement the peace process — укреплять процесс мирного урегулирования

to coordinate a process — координировать процесс

to damage the peace process — вредить процессу мирного урегулирования

to derail the peace process — срывать процесс мирного урегулирования

to destabilize the peace process — дестабилизировать процесс мирного урегулирования

to disengage from the peace process — выходить из участия в процессе мирного урегулирования

to disrupt the Middle East peace process — срывать процесс мирного урегулирования на Ближнем Востоке

to enhance the democratic process — способствовать демократическому процессу

to facilitate the process of import substitution — облегчать процесс замены импорта

to follow the constitutional process — действовать в соответствии с конституцией

to further a process — ускорять процесс; способствовать процессу

to get the peace process moving — сдвигать с мертвой точки процесс мирного урегулирования

to get the peace process off the ground — начинать процесс мирного урегулирования

to get the peace process underway — начинать процесс мирного урегулирования

to give up on the peace process — терять надежду на возможность мирного урегулирования

to guide the process — направлять процесс

to hamper the peace process — мешать процессу мирного урегулирования

to hasten the process of unification — ускорять процесс объединения

to help the peace process — способствовать процессу мирного урегулирования

to hurry along the peace process — ускорять процесс мирного урегулирования

to improve the production processes — совершенствовать производственные процессы

to inaugurate an election process — вводить процедуру выборов

to intensify production processes — интенсифицировать производственные процессы

to jeopardize the peace process — ставить под угрозу процесс мирного урегулирования

to join in the peace process — включаться в процесс мирного урегулирования

to keep smb out of the peace process — не допускать чьего-л. участия в процессе мирного урегулирования

to keep the peace process afloat — продолжать процесс мирного урегулирования

to keep the peace process alive — не давать заглохнуть процессу мирного урегулирования

to mechanize production processes — механизировать производственные процессы

to monitor the election process — следить за ходом выборов

to move the peace process forward — развивать процесс мирного урегулирования

to obstruct the peace process — мешать процессу мирного урегулирования

to place the peace process in jeopardy — ставить под угрозу процесс мирного урегулирования

to push the peace process forward — продвигать процесс мирного урегулирования

to put a new impetus behind the peace process — придавать новый импульс процессу мирного урегулирования

to put the peace process back on track — возобновлять процесс мирного урегулирования

to put the peace process in jeopardy — ставить под угрозу процесс мирного урегулирования

to put the peace process on hold — замораживать мирный процесс

to re-energize the peace process — давать новый толчок процессу мирного урегулирования

to regulate a process — регулировать процесс

to re-launch the peace process — возобновлять мирный процесс

to remain within the peace process — продолжать участвовать в процессе мирного урегулирования

to rescue the peace process — спасать процесс мирного урегулирования

to re-start the peace process — возобновлять процесс мирного урегулирования

to restore the peace process — восстанавливать / возрождать процесс мирного урегулирования

to revitalize the peace process — активизировать процесс мирного урегулирования

to revive the peace process — возобновлять / возрождать процесс мирного урегулирования

to salvage / to save the peace process — спасать процесс мирного урегулирования

to scuttle the peace process — срывать процесс мирного урегулирования

to set back the peace process — делать шаг назад в процессе мирного урегулирования

to set up a managerial process — налаживать процесс управления

to shatter the pacification process — вредить процессу умиротворения

to slow down a process — замедлять процесс

to speed up the peace process — ускорять процесс мирного урегулирования

to stall the peace process — тормозить процесс мирного урегулирования

to start a negotiating process — начинать переговоры

to stay within the peace process — продолжать участвовать в процессе мирного урегулирования

to throw one's weight behind the peace process — использовать свое влияние для поддержания процесса мирного урегулирования

to thwart the constitutional process — мешать конституционному процессу

to turn one's back on the peace process — отвергать процесс мирного урегулирования

to undermine the peace process — подрывать процесс мирного урегулирования

to underpin the reform process — поддерживать процесс реформ

to withdraw from the peace process — прерывать свое участие в мирном урегулировании

to wreck the peace process — срывать процесс мирного урегулирования

to serve a process on smb — вызывать кого-л. в суд повесткой

- administrative process
- all-European process
- automated process
- basic laws of historical process
- breakthrough in the peace process
- budget-balancing process
- budget-making process
- collapse of the peace process
- commitment to the peace process
- completion of the construction process
- complex process
- complicated process
- constitutional process
- construction process
- continuous process
- contradictory process
- damaging to the peace process
- decision-making process
- decolonization process
- deepening of integration processes
- democratization process
- demographic process
- development process
- disarmament process
- disconnection process
- due process
- economic process
- educational process
- engineering process
- evolutionary process
- foot-dragging in the peace process
- historical process
- in the process
- industrialization process
- inflationary process
- information transfer process
- integration process
- interconnected processes
- internal process
- intricate process
- irreversible process
- judicial process
- labor process
- labor-intensive process
- law-governed process
- liberation process
- long drawn-out process
- long process
- long-term process
- managerial process
- manufacturing process
- modernization process
- multiform process
- natural process
- natural-historical process
- negative process
- negotiating process
- on-going process
- on-off peace process
- overall process
- painful process
- paper-laden process
- peaceful process
- peace-making process
- political process
- positive process
- preconvention bargaining process
- process of democratization
- process of détente
- process of economic growth
- process of national liberation
- process of polarization
- process of production
- production process
- programming process
- progressive process
- rapid process
- reform process
- rehabilitation process
- renewal of the peace process
- revolutionary process
- short-circuited process
- slowing down of the reform process
- social process
- socio-economic process
- spasmodic process
- stagnant process
- stalled peace process
- teaching and educational process
- technological process
- the country had a part to play in the peace process
- the peace process goes forward
- the peace process hangs by a thread
- the peace process has been stalled
- the peace process has broken down
- the peace process is in limbo
- the peace process is in tatters
- the ups and downs of the peace process
- transitional process
- under the peace process
- unification process
- work process
- worldwide process 2. v
перерабатывать, обрабатывать

Politics english-russian dictionary > process
5 LDI

1) Медицина: лазерная допплеровская визуализация (laser Doppler imaging)

2) Телекоммуникации: Long Distance Interconnect

3) Сокращение: Laser Direct Imaging, Long-Dwell Imager (satellite)

4) Университет: Leadership Development Institute

5) Макаров: (laser-desorption ionization)(processes in LDI: internal conversion - fragmentation - ionization) ионизация лазерной десорбцией (процессы в LDI: внутренняя конверсия - фрагментация - ионизация), (laser-desorption ionization)(processes in LDI: internal conversion - fragmentation - ionization) ионизация методом лазерной десорбции (процессы в LDI: внутренняя конверсия - фрагментация - ионизация)

6) Аэропорты: Lindi, Tanzania

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > LDI
6 laser-desorption ionization

Макаров: (LDI)(processes in LDI: internal conversion - fragmentation - ionization) ионизация лазерной десорбцией (процессы в LDI: внутренняя конверсия - фрагментация - ионизация), (LDI)(processes in LDI: internal conversion - fragmentation - ionization) ионизация методом лазерной десорбции (процессы в LDI: внутренняя конверсия - фрагментация - ионизация)

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > laser-desorption ionization
7 financial management
1. управление финансами
управление финансами
Управление финансами заключается в определении и соблюдении формата эффективной финансовой отчетности и контроля деятельности ОКОИ. Задачей в этой области является создание оперативной отчетности и контроля над финансовой деятельностью ОКОИ, предоставление своевременной и достоверной информации и консультаций Наблюдательному совету, высшему руководству ОКОИ, внутренним и внешним комиссиям.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

управление финансами
(ITIL Service Strategy)
Общий термин, используемый для описания функции и процессов, отвечающих за управление требованиями к бюджетированию, учёту и взиманию оплаты. «Корпоративное управление финансами» – специальный термин, используемый для обозначения соответствующих функций и процессов в организации вцелом. Термин «управление финансами для ИТ-услуг» обозначает соответствующие функции и процессы с точки зрения поставщика ИТ-услуг.
[Словарь терминов ITIL версия 1.0, 29 июля 2011 г.]

EN

financial management
Financial management relates to determination and maintenance of the framework for effective financial reporting and financial control over the OCOG's operations. Its primary objectives include the provision of timely and accurate financial reports, financial information and commercial advice to the OCOG Board, Executive Office and relevant internal and external committees.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

financial management
(ITIL Service Strategy)
A generic term used to describe the function and processes responsible for managing an organization’s budgeting, accounting and charging requirements. Enterprise financial management is the specific term used to describe the function and processes from the perspective of the overall organization. Financial management for IT services is the specific term used to describe the function and processes from the perspective of the IT service provider.
[Словарь терминов ITIL версия 1.0, 29 июля 2011 г.]

Тематики
- информационные технологии в целом
- спорт (финансы и правовое обеспечение)
EN
- financial management
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > financial management
8 near cash

!

гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

Introduction

This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.

Principles of the framework

The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
"
consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
" "
the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
" "
strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
"
the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.

The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
"
the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
"
the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.

Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)

The framework for public expenditure is divided between
"
Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
"
Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.

More information about DEL and AME is set out below.

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Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL)

In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.

Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.

Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.

There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.

Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME)

AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.

AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.

AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.

Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.

Total Managed Expenditure

Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.

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Resource Accounting and Budgeting ( RAB)

Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
"
Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
"
Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
"
Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
"
Administration Budgets (see below)

Administration Budgets

The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.

Spending Reviews

The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.

The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.

Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.

The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
"
provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
" "
enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
" "
introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
"
not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.

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Comprehensive Spending Review 2007

To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.

A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
"
an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
" "
an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
" "
to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
"
further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.

The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.

Obtaining good performance

Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.

The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.

Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.

Departmental Investment Strategies (DISs)

To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.

This document was updated on 19 December 2005.

Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money

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"
GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
"
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GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.

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64Managing Public Money

Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash
9 changement climatique
1. изменение климата
изменение климата
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

climatic change
The long-term fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, wind, and all other aspects of the Earth's climate. External processes, such as solar-irradiance variations, variations of the Earth's orbital parameters (eccentricity, precession, and inclination), lithosphere motions, and volcanic activity, are factors in climatic variation. Internal variations of the climate system, e.g., changes in the abundance of greenhouse gases, also may produce fluctuations of sufficient magnitude and variability to explain observed climate change through the feedback processes interrelating the components of the climate system. (Source: GSFC)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- climatic change
DE
- Klimaänderung
FR
- changement climatique
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > changement climatique
10 Klimaänderung
1. изменение климата
изменение климата
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

climatic change
The long-term fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, wind, and all other aspects of the Earth's climate. External processes, such as solar-irradiance variations, variations of the Earth's orbital parameters (eccentricity, precession, and inclination), lithosphere motions, and volcanic activity, are factors in climatic variation. Internal variations of the climate system, e.g., changes in the abundance of greenhouse gases, also may produce fluctuations of sufficient magnitude and variability to explain observed climate change through the feedback processes interrelating the components of the climate system. (Source: GSFC)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- climatic change
DE
- Klimaänderung
FR
- changement climatique
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Klimaänderung
11 climatic change
1. изменение климата
изменение климата
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

climatic change
The long-term fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, wind, and all other aspects of the Earth's climate. External processes, such as solar-irradiance variations, variations of the Earth's orbital parameters (eccentricity, precession, and inclination), lithosphere motions, and volcanic activity, are factors in climatic variation. Internal variations of the climate system, e.g., changes in the abundance of greenhouse gases, also may produce fluctuations of sufficient magnitude and variability to explain observed climate change through the feedback processes interrelating the components of the climate system. (Source: GSFC)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- climatic change
DE
- Klimaänderung
FR
- changement climatique
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > climatic change
12 customer-facing service
1. услуга, ориентированная на заказчика
услуга, ориентированная на заказчика
(ITIL Service Design)
ИТ-услуга, видимая заказчику. Обычно это услуги, поддерживающие бизнес-процессы заказчика и способствующие получению одного или нескольких конечных результатов. Все ориентированные на заказчика услуги, находящиеся в эксплуатации, включая готовые к развёртыванию, записываются в каталог услуг вместе информацией о результатах, ценах, способах заказа и контактной информацией. Также должны вестись записи о другой информации (например, взаимосвязи с поддеживающими услугами и другими КЕ) для внутреннего использования поставщиком ИТ-услуг.
[Словарь терминов ITIL версия 1.0, 29 июля 2011 г.]

EN

customer-facing service
(ITIL Service Design)
An IT service that is visible to the customer. These are normally services that support the customer's business processes and facilitate one or more outcomes desired by the customer. All live customer-facing services, including those available for deployment, are recorded in the service catalogue along with customer-visible information about deliverables, prices, contact points, ordering and request processes. Other information such as relationships to supporting services and other CIs will also be recorded for internal use by the IT service provider.
[Словарь терминов ITIL версия 1.0, 29 июля 2011 г.]

Тематики
- информационные технологии в целом
EN
- customer-facing service
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > customer-facing service
13 IP

1) Общая лексика: instrument power cable

2) Авиация: промежуточное давление

3) Медицина: In Patient, Independent Practice, Intense Pain, внутрибрюшинный, интраперитонеальный, ПИУ (полностью имплантируемое устройство - implanted port)

4) Американизм: Increased Productivity, Institutional Program

5) Военный термин: Imagery Processing, Immediate Permanent Incapacitation Dose, Implementation Procedure, Informal Processing, Information Processor, Initial Production, Initiatives Program, Instrumentation Point, Intelligence Problem, Intelligence Processing, Internal Protocol, identification of position (с помощью аппаратуры опознавания ЛА), identification peculiarity, identification point, impact point, impact predictor, implementation of plan, improvement program, in process, in progress, inactive pay, incentive pay, index of performance, indicator panel, industrial participation, industrial preparedness, industrial production, infrared passive, initial phase, initial point, initial position, initial post, installation procedure, instruction pamphlet, instructor pilot, instrument panel, instrumentation papers, intelligence police, intercept point, issuing point, Initial Point (bombing)

6) Техника: input, inspection procedure, instrument package, Степень защиты

7) Сельское хозяйство: Inorganic Phosphorus

8) Математика: Imaginary Part, по вероятности (in probability), целочисленное программирование (integer programming)

9) Религия: Inspired People

10) Метеорология: Invisible Particles

11) Юридический термин: Identity Preserved, Interesting Persons, ИС (Intellectual Property, интеллектуальная собственность)

12) Фармакология: Indian Pharmacopoeia

13) Страхование: installment paid

14) Грубое выражение: Idiot Proof

15) Музыка: Iambic Pentameter

16) Оптика: indium phosphide

17) Политика: Clipperton Island

18) Телекоммуникации: Intelligent Peripheral (AIN), Internet Protocol (IETF)

19) Сокращение: Impact Point (missile), Initial Point (bombing term), Initial Provisioning, Innings Pitched, Intellectual Property, Intelligent Peripheral (computer network), Intermediate Point, Intermediate Processor (communications), in possession, instruction plate, interchangeable solid and screen panels, interpost, iron pipe, Induced Polarization, Information Provider, Initial Pressure, intraperitoneal

20) Университет: Interesting Point

21) Физика: Induced Potential, Interaction Point, ignition point

22) Физиология: InterPhalangeal, Intra- Peritoneal

23) Вычислительная техника: identification of position, image processor, in-house publishing, in-plant publishing, insertion point, instruction pointer, instruction pulse, integrated processes, intelligent peripheral, interrupt pointer, interrupt priority, interrupt processor, item processing, самый важный из всех протоколов, на котором основана Internet (Через этот протокол осуществляется прямое подключение к Internet), Intelligent Peripheral (IN), Information Provider (Telephony), Instruction Pointer (register, CPU, Intel, Assembler), Internet Protocol (version 4, RFC 791), архитектура системы обработки информации, интегрированный адаптер печатающего устройства, указатель команд

24) Литература: International President

25) Нефть: induced polarization method, initial potential, ionization potential, isoprenoid, the degree of ingress protection provided by enclosures to IEC 60529, вызванная поляризация (induced polarization), метод вызванной поляризации (induced polarization), начальное давление (initial pressure), начальный дебит (скважины, initial production), степень защиты, обеспечиваемая оболочками

26) Биохимия: Imipramine

27) Связь: internetwork protocol

28) Банковское дело: очередной взнос уплачен (instalment paid)

29) Геофизика: ВП

30) Фирменный знак: International Pharmaceuticals, Internet Provider, Island Pacific (formerly SVI Solutions, Inc.)

31) Патенты: интеллектуальная собственность (Intellectual Property)

32) Деловая лексика: Implementable Projects, Incredible Price, Independent Patent

33) Бурение: начальный дебит скважины (initial production), initial production (usually describing an initial production test)

34) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: International Protection, Internet protocol Internet-протокол, immediate pressure, index of protection ("degrees of protection provided by enclosures"), intelligent pig, international practices, Inspection Plan

35) Нефтегазовая техника Институт нефти (Великобритания, Institute of Petroleum), начальный потенциальный дебит скважины

36) Инвестиции: instalment paid

37) Сетевые технологии: Internet Packet, image processing, information processing, источник информации, межсетевой протокол, обработка информации, industrial protocol

38) ЕБРР: individual project

39) Полимеры: Institute of Petroleum, intermediate pressure, internal pressure

40) Программирование: Instructional Pointer

41) Контроль качества: integer programming

42) Сахалин Ю: ingress protection

43) Макаров: initial potential, interface processor, потенциал ионизации

44) Военно-воздушные силы: соглашение о "честной игре" (integrity pact)

45) Интернет: Internet Protocol

46) Расширение файла: Data (Interactive Physics), Inspection Procedures (NRC Inspection Manual)

47) Каспий: ingress protection-защита от несанкционированного доступа, защита от взлома

48) Электротехника: пылеводозащищённость (ingress protection)

49) Исследования и разработки (НИОКР): investigational product

50) Компьютерные игры: инди-проект

51) Майкрософт: протокол IP

52) Общественная организация: India Partners

53) NYSE. International Paper Company

54) Федеральное бюро расследований: Indianapolis Field Office

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > IP
14 ip

1) Общая лексика: instrument power cable

2) Авиация: промежуточное давление

3) Медицина: In Patient, Independent Practice, Intense Pain, внутрибрюшинный, интраперитонеальный, ПИУ (полностью имплантируемое устройство - implanted port)

4) Американизм: Increased Productivity, Institutional Program

5) Военный термин: Imagery Processing, Immediate Permanent Incapacitation Dose, Implementation Procedure, Informal Processing, Information Processor, Initial Production, Initiatives Program, Instrumentation Point, Intelligence Problem, Intelligence Processing, Internal Protocol, identification of position (с помощью аппаратуры опознавания ЛА), identification peculiarity, identification point, impact point, impact predictor, implementation of plan, improvement program, in process, in progress, inactive pay, incentive pay, index of performance, indicator panel, industrial participation, industrial preparedness, industrial production, infrared passive, initial phase, initial point, initial position, initial post, installation procedure, instruction pamphlet, instructor pilot, instrument panel, instrumentation papers, intelligence police, intercept point, issuing point, Initial Point (bombing)

6) Техника: input, inspection procedure, instrument package, Степень защиты

7) Сельское хозяйство: Inorganic Phosphorus

8) Математика: Imaginary Part, по вероятности (in probability), целочисленное программирование (integer programming)

9) Религия: Inspired People

10) Метеорология: Invisible Particles

11) Юридический термин: Identity Preserved, Interesting Persons, ИС (Intellectual Property, интеллектуальная собственность)

12) Фармакология: Indian Pharmacopoeia

13) Страхование: installment paid

14) Грубое выражение: Idiot Proof

15) Музыка: Iambic Pentameter

16) Оптика: indium phosphide

17) Политика: Clipperton Island

18) Телекоммуникации: Intelligent Peripheral (AIN), Internet Protocol (IETF)

19) Сокращение: Impact Point (missile), Initial Point (bombing term), Initial Provisioning, Innings Pitched, Intellectual Property, Intelligent Peripheral (computer network), Intermediate Point, Intermediate Processor (communications), in possession, instruction plate, interchangeable solid and screen panels, interpost, iron pipe, Induced Polarization, Information Provider, Initial Pressure, intraperitoneal

20) Университет: Interesting Point

21) Физика: Induced Potential, Interaction Point, ignition point

22) Физиология: InterPhalangeal, Intra- Peritoneal

23) Вычислительная техника: identification of position, image processor, in-house publishing, in-plant publishing, insertion point, instruction pointer, instruction pulse, integrated processes, intelligent peripheral, interrupt pointer, interrupt priority, interrupt processor, item processing, самый важный из всех протоколов, на котором основана Internet (Через этот протокол осуществляется прямое подключение к Internet), Intelligent Peripheral (IN), Information Provider (Telephony), Instruction Pointer (register, CPU, Intel, Assembler), Internet Protocol (version 4, RFC 791), архитектура системы обработки информации, интегрированный адаптер печатающего устройства, указатель команд

24) Литература: International President

25) Нефть: induced polarization method, initial potential, ionization potential, isoprenoid, the degree of ingress protection provided by enclosures to IEC 60529, вызванная поляризация (induced polarization), метод вызванной поляризации (induced polarization), начальное давление (initial pressure), начальный дебит (скважины, initial production), степень защиты, обеспечиваемая оболочками

26) Биохимия: Imipramine

27) Связь: internetwork protocol

28) Банковское дело: очередной взнос уплачен (instalment paid)

29) Геофизика: ВП

30) Фирменный знак: International Pharmaceuticals, Internet Provider, Island Pacific (formerly SVI Solutions, Inc.)

31) Патенты: интеллектуальная собственность (Intellectual Property)

32) Деловая лексика: Implementable Projects, Incredible Price, Independent Patent

33) Бурение: начальный дебит скважины (initial production), initial production (usually describing an initial production test)

34) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: International Protection, Internet protocol Internet-протокол, immediate pressure, index of protection ("degrees of protection provided by enclosures"), intelligent pig, international practices, Inspection Plan

35) Нефтегазовая техника Институт нефти (Великобритания, Institute of Petroleum), начальный потенциальный дебит скважины

36) Инвестиции: instalment paid

37) Сетевые технологии: Internet Packet, image processing, information processing, источник информации, межсетевой протокол, обработка информации, industrial protocol

38) ЕБРР: individual project

39) Полимеры: Institute of Petroleum, intermediate pressure, internal pressure

40) Программирование: Instructional Pointer

41) Контроль качества: integer programming

42) Сахалин Ю: ingress protection

43) Макаров: initial potential, interface processor, потенциал ионизации

44) Военно-воздушные силы: соглашение о "честной игре" (integrity pact)

45) Интернет: Internet Protocol

46) Расширение файла: Data (Interactive Physics), Inspection Procedures (NRC Inspection Manual)

47) Каспий: ingress protection-защита от несанкционированного доступа, защита от взлома

48) Электротехника: пылеводозащищённость (ingress protection)

49) Исследования и разработки (НИОКР): investigational product

50) Компьютерные игры: инди-проект

51) Майкрософт: протокол IP

52) Общественная организация: India Partners

53) NYSE. International Paper Company

54) Федеральное бюро расследований: Indianapolis Field Office

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > ip
15 integrated accounting and control
1. интегрированная отчетность и контроль
интегрированная отчетность и контроль
Процесс, описывающий подготовку внутренней и внешней интегрированной отчетности по проектам и процессам, а также осуществление контроля за их реализацией в целях своевременного, объективного и полного информирования руководства ОКОИ других внешних и внутренних стейкхолдеров. В рамках данного процесса также формулируются и осуществляются корректирующие действия.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

EN

integrated accounting and control
Process that describes preparation of both external and internal accounting for projects and processes, as well as monitoring of their implementation aimed at provision of timely, objective and comprehensive information to the OCOG's top management as well as other external and internal stakeholders. This process also includes identification and realization of amendments and corrections.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

Тематики
- спорт (управление Играми)
EN
- integrated accounting and control
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > integrated accounting and control
16 CSA, Control self-assessment

Общая лексика: контрольная самооценка? (Control self-assessment (CSA) is an effective tool for improving a business’ internal controls and business processes. CSA can be implemented in several ways, but its distinguishing feature is tha)

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > CSA, Control self-assessment
17 IPT

1) Компьютерная техника: Information Processing Technologies

2) Медицина: Instant Pressure Type

3) Военный термин: Image Perspective Transformation, incremental proof testing, infrared plume target, initial production test, installation preflight test, international planning team, группа готовой продукции (Integrated Product Team), ГГП, КРГ, комплексная рабочая группа

4) Религия: Intercessory Prayer Team

5) Юридический термин: Inmate Population Tracking, International Protection Teams

6) Страхование: налог на страховую премию (insurance premium tax)

7) Incentive Physical Training (мотивированная физподготовка, физуха) (в морской пехоте США)

8) Телекоммуникации: Internet Protocol Telephony

9) Сокращение: Integrated Product Team, Integrated Project Teams, Intelligent Procedure Trainer, internal pipe thread, iron pipe thread, Individual Perception Threshold, Institution of Petroleum Technologists, interested party transaction

10) Физика: Inductive Power Transfer

11) Электроника: Ideal Process Time

12) Нефть: Institute of Petroleum Technology, Нефтяной технологический институт (Великобритания; Institution of Petroleum Technologists)

13) Иммунология: Insulin Potentiation Therapy

14) Связь: IP Telephony

15) Деловая лексика: Integrated Processes And Technologies

16) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Island Project Team

17) Образование: Idea Proficiency Tests

18) Полимеры: Institute of Petroleum Technologists

19) Программирование: Ignite Paper Tape

20) Контроль качества: initial product test

21) Сахалин Р: Integrated Project Team

22) Химическое оружие: Integrated Process Team, Integration Process Team

23) Авиационная медицина: initial pilot training

24) Электротехника: interphase transformer

25) Должность: Information Processing And Technology, Integrated Physiological Trainer

26) Аэропорты: Williamsport, Pennsylvania USA

27) Программное обеспечение: Image Processing Toolbox, Imsl Productivity Toolkit, Imsl Productivity Tools, Innovative Print Tools

28) Корпоративное управление: interested party transactions

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > IPT
18 traitement de l'information
1. информационные технологии
информационные технологии
ИТ
Использование технологий для хранения, обмена передачи или обработки информации. Технологии обычно включают в себя компьютеры, телекоммуникации, приложения и прочее программное обеспечение. Информация может включать в себя бизнес-данные, голосовые данные, изображения, видео, и т.п. Информационные технологии часто используются для поддержки бизнес-процессов при помощи ИТ-услуг.
[Словарь терминов ITIL версия 1.0, 29 июля 2011 г.]

информационные технологии
Технологии поиска, сбора, хранения, обработки, предоставления, распространения информации и способы осуществления таких процессов и методов.
[ http://slovar-lopatnikov.ru/]

EN

information technology
IT
The use of technology for the storage, communication or processing of information. The technology typically includes computers, telecommunications, applications and other software. The information may include business data, voice, images, video etc. Information technology is often used to support business processes through IT services.
[Словарь терминов ITIL версия 1.0, 29 июля 2011 г.]

information technology
computer-related assets of an organization that represent nonphysical assets, such as software applications, process programs and personnel files
NOTE 1 This use of the term information technology is not abbreviated throughout this document.
NOTE 2 Another use of the term information technology (IT) refers to the company’s internal organization (for example, the IT department) or the items traditionally maintained by this department (that is, the administrative computers, servers and network infrastructure). This use of the term information technology is abbreviated as IT throughout this standard.
[IEC 62443-2-1, ed. 1.0 (2010-11)]

FR

traitement de l'information
actifs informatiques d’une organisation, correspondant à des actifs non physiques, tels que des applications logicielles, des programmes de pilotage de procédés et des fichiers concernant le personnel
NOTE 1 Cette utilisation du terme de traitement de l'information n’est pas abrégée dans l’ensemble du présent document.
NOTE 2 Une autre utilisation du terme de traitement de l'information (IT) désigne l’organisation interne à l’entreprise (par exemple, le service informatique) ou les éléments habituellement pris en charge par ce service (c’est-à-dire les ordinateurs administratifs, les serveurs et l’infrastructure réseau). Cette utilisation du terme de traitement de l'information est abrégée par le sigle IT dans l’ensemble de la présente norme.
[IEC 62443-2-1, ed. 1.0 (2010-11)]

Тематики
- информационные технологии в целом
- экономика
Синонимы
- ИТ
EN
FR
- traitement de l'information
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > traitement de l'information
19 comportement animal
1. поведение животных
поведение животных
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

animal behaviour
Behaviour of animals in their normal environment, including all the processes, both internal and external, by which they respond to changes in their environment. (Source: ALL2)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- animal behaviour
DE
- Tierverhalten
FR
- comportement animal
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > comportement animal
20 couches de sol
1. почвенный слой
почвенный слой
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

soil layer
Distinctive successive layers of soil produced by internal redistribution processes. Conventionally the layers have been divided into A, B and C horizons. The A horizon is the upper layer, containing humus and is leached and/or eluviated of many minerals. The B horizon forms a zone of deposition and is enriched with clay minerals and iron/aluminium oxides from the A layer. The C layer is the parent material for the present soil and may be partially weathered rock, transported glacial or alluvial material or an earlier soil. (Source: ALL)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- soil layer
DE
- Bodenschicht
FR
- couches de sol
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > couches de sol

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См. также в других словарях:

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